China Tightens Export Controls on Tunnel‑Boring Machines, Threatening India's Himalayan Infrastructure Plans

China has announced new export controls that will restrict the sale of tunnel‑boring machines and key components to foreign buyers. The move comes amid rising geopolitical tensions and aims to limit the use of Chinese equipment in sensitive projects. India, which has relied heavily on Chinese machinery for its rapid infrastructure build‑out, said it will cut dependence by ramping up domestic production and attracting investment. Several Indian firms are already exploring in‑house manufacturing of construction equipment to meet growing demand. Analysts warn that the restrictions could delay or alter projects along the disputed Himalayan border, where tunnelling is critical for connectivity and security. The policy shift forces India to accelerate its self‑reliance strategy in heavy equipment manufacturing.