Scientists Identify Genetic Basis of AnWj Blood Group, Establishing New MAL System

Scientists have solved a 50‑year mystery by pinpointing the genetic basis of the AnWj blood group antigen, a puzzle that first emerged in 1972. The discovery establishes a new blood group system, named MAL, and clarifies how the AnWj antigen is produced. By mapping the underlying gene, researchers can now identify individuals who lack the AnWj antigen with greater accuracy. This breakthrough makes it easier to locate extremely rare AnWj‑negative patients and compatible donors, a task that has long challenged transfusion services. With more reliable typing, hospitals can reduce the risk of dangerous transfusion reactions in this vulnerable population. The finding also expands the catalog of human blood groups, offering a clearer framework for future research and clinical practice.